Vih y diabetes mellitus como factores de riesgo para reacciones adversas a farmacoterapia antituberculosa

Abstract

El presente trabajo propuso como objetivo establecer si el VIH y la diabetes mellitus son factores de riesgo para reacciones adversas a farmacoterapia antituberculosa en pacientes atendidos en la Red de Salud Trujillo entre los años del 2015 al 2019. El diseño desarrollado fue de casos y controles, siendo la muestra de 127 pacientes con reacciones adversas a fármacos (RAFA) contra la tuberculosis y 508 pacientes con tuberculosis que no presentaron dichas reacciones. Se halló que el VIH estuvo presente en el 12.6% de pacientes que presentaron RAFA a la farmacoterapia antituberculosa y en el 2.0% de pacientes que no tuvieron dichas reacciones, encontrándose una p=0.000 y ORa=8.84 e IC95% 1.32 – 23.12; mientras la diabetes mellitus estuvo presente en el 6.3% de pacientes que presentaron RAFA en el tratamiento antituberculoso y en el 9.4% de pacientes que no tuvieron RAFA, sin significativas diferencias estadísticas con una p=0.173. la covariable etapa de edad adulto mayor obtuvo una p=0.001 y un ORa= 2.04 con su IC95% de 1.33 a 3.12. Se concluyó que el VIH y la edad en la etapa adulto mayor son factores de riesgo para RAFA en el tratamiento antituberculoso, en cambio la diabetes mellitus, el tabaquismo e hipertensión arterial no se asocian con dichas reacciones.

The present work proposed as aim to establish whether HIV and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for adverse reactions to antituberculous drug therapy in patients treated at the Trujillo Health Network between the years 2015 and 2019. The design developed was cases and controls, being the sample of 127 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR) against tuberculosis and 508 patients with tuberculosis who did not present such reactions. It was found that HIV was present in 12.6% of patients who presented ADR to antituberculous drug therapy and in 2.0% of patients who did not have such reactions, finding a p = 0.000 and ORa = 8.84 and 95% CI 1.32 – 23.12; while diabetes mellitus was present in 6.3% of patients who presented ADR in antituberculous treatment and in 9.4% of patients who did not have ADR, without significant statistical differences with a p = 0.173. The covariate ‘older adult age stage’ obtained a p = 0.001 and an ORa = 2.04 with its 95% CI from 1.33 to 3.12. It was concluded that HIV and age in older adulthood are risk factors for ADR in anti-tuberculosis treatment, whereas diabetes mellitus, smoking and arterial hypertension are not associated with these reactions.